Blockchain Solution for Buildings’ Multi-Energy Flexibility Trading Using Multi-Token Standards

Buildings can become a significant contributor to an energy system’s resilience if they are operated in coordinated manner exploit their flexibility multi-carrier networks. However, research and innovation activities focused on single-carrier optimization (i.e., electricity), aiming achieve Zero Energy Buildings, miss the that buildings may offer through multi-energy coupling. In this paper, we propose use blockchain technology ERC-1155 tokens digitize heat electrical of buildings, transforming them into active assets within integrated grids, allowing trade both electricity community-level marketplaces. The solution increases level interoperability integration with community grids brings advantages from transactive perspective. It permits digitizing using same token single transaction transfer types energy, processing batches between sender receiver addresses, holding fungible non-fungible smart contracts support markets’ financial payments transactions’ settlement. results show potential our trading market session, increasing markets while decreasing transactional overhead gas consumption.